Purpose Although flatfoot is a widespread human condition, historical medical texts and
ancient illustrations on this deformity are extremely rare. Nowadays, doubts regarding its …

The evolution of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) is one of the most impactful adaptations
in the hominin foot that emerged with bipedalism. When and how it evolved in the human …

Here, we provide a complete, updated, and illustrated inventory, as well as a comprehensive
study, of the tarsals (rearfoot) recovered from the Middle Pleistocene site of Sima de los …

Osteological collections are an essential source of information on human biological and
cultural variability, providing insights about developmental, evolutionary, and biocultural …

This work aims to test accuracy and comparability of 3D models of human skeletal fibulae
generated by clinical CT and laser scanner virtual acquisitions. Mesh topology …

Objectives The study of the development of human bipedalism can provide a unique
perspective on the evolution of morphology and behavior across species. To generate new …

Entheses are acknowledged as skeletal markers capable of revealing several biological and
behavioral aspects of past individuals and populations. However, entheseal changes (ECs) …

Objectives Recent studies highlighted the importance of the fibula to further our
understanding of locomotor adaptations in fossil hominins. In this study, we present a three …

The peopling of Europe during the Middle Pleistocene is a debated topic among
paleoanthropologists. Some authors suggest the coexistence of multiple human lineages in …

Abstract The Kromdraai site in South Africa has yielded numerous early hominin fossils
since 1938. As a part of recent excavations within Unit P, a largely complete early hominin …