Fibromyalgia is the current term for chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain for which no
alternative cause can be identified. The underlying mechanisms, in both human and animal …

In the last decade, preclinical investigations of electroacupuncture mechanisms on
persistent tissue-injury (inflammatory), nerve-injury (neuropathic), cancer, and visceral pain …

Dry needling is a common treatment technique in orthopedic manual physical therapy.
Although various dry needling approaches exist, the more common and best supported …

Myofascial pain associated with myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) is a common cause of
nonarticular musculoskeletal pain. Although the presence of MTrPs can be determined by …

Clinically, chronic pain and hyperalgesia induced by muscle injury are disabling and difficult
to treat. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying chronic muscle-induced …

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a complex syndrome, with an indefinite aetiology and intricate
pathophysiology that affects 2–3% of the world population. From the beginning of the 2000s …

1.2 Objectives Three major aims are covered in the present dissertation (Figure 1):(i) a
description of experimental muscle pain models that can be used to study potential …

Animal models of disease states are valuable tools for developing new treatments and
investigating underlying mechanisms. They should mimic the symptoms and pathology of …

Hoeger Bement MK, Sluka KA. Low-intensity exercise reverses chronic muscle pain in the
rat in a naloxone-dependent manner. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of low-intensity …

The role of proinflammatory cytokines in neuropathic and inflammatory pain is well
established. Recent studies suggest that cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha …