The article discusses advances in osmoregulation and excretion with emphasis on how
multicellular animals in different osmotic environments regulate their milieu intérieur …

Molecular biology is reaching new depths in our understanding of the development and
physiology of Malpighian tubules. In Diptera, Malpighian tubules derive from ectodermal …

Insects are the most ecologically important multicellular heterotrophs in terrestrial systems.
They play critical roles in ecological food webs, remain devastating agricultural and medical …

Aquaporins (AQPs) or water channels render the lipid bilayer of cell membranes permeable
to water. The numerous AQP subtypes present in any given species, the transport properties …

Quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) has become one of the most used techniques to
measure gene expression. However, normalization of gene expression data against …

Trypanosoma cruzi proliferate and differentiate inside different compartments of triatomines
gut that is the first environment encountered by T. cruzi. Due to its complex life cycle, the …

Aquaporins (AQPs) accelerate the movement of water and other solutes across biological
membranes, yet the molecular mechanisms of each AQP's transport function and the diverse …

Rhodnius prolixus is an obligatory blood-feeder that can ingest blood meals of up to 10
times its mass. Rapid production of urine commences within 2–3 min of the start of feeding in …

Aquaporin, AQP, is a channel protein that allows water to permeate across cell membranes.
Larvae of the sleeping chironomid, Polypedilum vanderplanki, can withstand complete …

One of the aspects of insect osmoregulation that has most intrigued researchers is the ability
of a simple tubular epithelium, such as the Malpighian tubule, to create both hypo-and …