Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic immune-mediated disease affecting the
gastrointestinal tract. IBD consists of 2 subtypes: ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease. IBD is …

Background: The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most microbiologically active ecosystems
that plays a crucial role in the working of the mucosal immune system (MIS). In this …

Highlights•The existing terminologies regarding probiotics have been criticized.•New
terminologies for all aspects of probiotic benefits have been proposed and …

Comprehensive studies conducted on the link between the gut microbiome and immunity in
recent decades have correspondingly led to ever increasing interests in functional foods …

Oxidative stress defines a condition in which the prooxidant–antioxidant balance in the cell
is disturbed, resulting in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and …

As the importance of the gut microbiota in health and disease is increasingly recognized
interest in interventions that can modulate the microbiota and its interactions with its host has …

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) was the first strain belonging to the genus Lactobacillus
to be patented in 1989 thanks to its ability to survive and to proliferate at gastric acid pH and …

Aging is a natural process of organismal decay that underpins the development of myriad
diseases and disorders. Extensive efforts have been made to understand the biology of …

Probiotics are beneficial microbes that confer a realistic health benefit on the host, which in
combination with prebiotics,(indigestible dietary fibre/carbohydrate), also confer a health …

Probiotics and prebiotics play an important role in human nutrition. In recent years there has
been a significant increase in research on the characterization and verification potential …