Cancers represent complex ecosystems comprising tumor cells and a multitude of non-
cancerous cells, embedded in an altered extracellular matrix. The tumor microenvironment …

Eukaryotic cells have developed complex systems to regulate the production and response
to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Different ROS control diverse aspects of cell behaviour …

Tumours display an astonishing variation in the spatial distribution, composition and
activation state of immune cells, which impacts their progression and response to …

The transformative success of antibodies targeting the PD-1 (programmed death 1)/B7-H1
(B7 homolog 1) pathway (anti-PD therapy) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in biological systems are transient but essential molecules
that are generated and eliminated by a complex set of delicately balanced molecular …

The adoptive transfer of T cells that are engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors
(CARs) has shown remarkable success in treating B cell malignancies but only limited …

An inflammatory microenvironment, either conferred by an underlying chronic overt or
smoldering inflammatory condition constitutes a prerequisite and fuel to essentially all …

Immune-checkpoint blockade (ICB) promotes antitumor immune responses and can result in
durable patient benefit. However, response rates in breast cancer patients remain modest …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is made up of cells and extracellular matrix (non-cellular
component), and cellular components include cancer cells and non-malignant cells such as …

Fibroblasts play an essential role in organogenesis and the integrity of tissue architecture
and function. Growth in most solid tumors is dependent upon remodeling 'stroma', composed …