Pseudogenes have long been labeled as “junk” DNA, failed copies of genes that arise
during the evolution of genomes. However, recent results are challenging this moniker; …

▪ Abstract Pseudogenes have been defined as nonfunctional sequences of genomic DNA
originally derived from functional genes. It is therefore assumed that all pseudogene …

The multiple implications of ER stress and the unfolded protein response in health and
disease highlight the importance of identifying convenient monitoring systems for its onset …

Tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) is a major mediator of both acute and chronic inflammatory
responses in many diseases. Tristetraprolin (TTP), the prototype of a class of Cys-Cys-Cys …

We recently identified a novel human protein kinase, p160 ROCK, as a putative downstream
target of the small GTPase Rho. Using the human ROCK cDNA as a probe, we isolated …

Background During the development of heart failure (HF), the chief myocardial energy
substrate switches from fatty acids to glucose. This metabolic switch, which recapitulates …

As normal cells progress toward malignancy, they must switch to an angiogenic phenotype
to attract the nourishing vasculature that they depend on for their growth. In cultured …

The amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel, ENaC, is a heteromultimeric protein
made up of three homologous subunits (α, β and γ) 1, 2. In vitro, assembly and expression of …

In addition to its role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is
presumed to be involved in the development and plasticity of the nervous system. GABA is …

The mechanisms that maintain the epithelial integrity of the gastrointestinal tract remain
largely undefined. The gene encoding intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), a protein secreted …