Bisphenol A (BPA) is a widely studied typical endocrine-disrupting chemical, and one of the
major new issues is the safe replacement of this commonly used compound. Bisphenol S …

In mammals, the effects of estrogen are mainly mediated by two different estrogen receptors,
ERα and ERβ. These proteins are members of the nuclear receptor family, characterized by …

Masculinization depends on adequate production of testosterone by the fetal testis within a
specific “masculinization programming window.” Disorders resulting from subtle deficiencies …

BACKGROUND Although prescription drug use is common during pregnancy, the human
teratogenic risks are undetermined for more than 90% of drug treatments approved in the …

Evidence supporting a role for estrogen in male reproductive tract development and function
has been collected from rodents and humans. These studies fall into three categories: i) …

Background: The substitution of bisphenol A (BPA) by bisphenol B (BPB), a very close
structural analog, stresses the need to assess its potential endocrine properties. Objective …

Over recent decades, epidemiological studies have been reporting worrisome trends in the
incidence of human infertility rates. Extensive detection of industrial chemicals in human …

Reproductive pathology in the male represents about 20% of infertility cases. Male infertility
may be attributed to a number of causes, including genetic and congenital abnormalities …

In recent years, evidences have accumulated that exposure to environmental components
with estrogenic activity causes reproductive disorders in human populations. Studies …

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mediates estrogen (E2) actions in the brain and is critical for
normal reproductive function and behavior. In the classical pathway, ERα binds to estrogen …