Various research groups around the world are actively investigating cardiovascular
prostheses of biological origin. This review article discusses the need for such bioprosthetics …

Calcification plays a major role in the failure of bioprosthetic and other tissue heart valve
substitutes. Tissue valve calcification is initiated primarily within residual cells that have …

Vascular calcification is highly correlated with cardiovascular disease mortality, especially in
patients with ESRD or diabetes. In addition to the devastating effects of inappropriate …

Self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols having CH3, PO4H2, COOH, CONH2,
OH, and NH2 terminal groups formed on a gold surface via sulfur attachment were soaked in …

The use of glutaraldehyde as a fixative in bioprostheses and drug delivery matrices is
reviewed. The chemistry of glutaraldehyde cross-linking and its effect on the biological …

Considerable progress has been made in recent years toward elucidating a conceptual
framework that integrates the dynamic functional structure, mechanical properties, and …

This article summarizes the views expressed at the third session of the workshop" Tissue
Engineering—The Next Generation," which was devoted to the engineering of complex …

Ectopic calcification, the abnormal calcification of soft tissues, can have severe clinical
consequences especially when localized to vital organs such as heart valves, arteries, and …

Collagen has been investigated as a potential natural biomaterial, because of its occurrence
in the extracellular matrix. Collagen requires crosslinking in this context, by reagents that are …

Substitute heart valves composed of human or animal tissues have been used since the
early 1960s, when aortic valves obtained fresh from human cadavers were transplanted to …