Retroviruses have long been a fertile model for discovering host–pathogen interactions and
their associated biological principles and processes. These advances have not only …

One of the features of primate immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs and SIVs) that distinguishes
them from other retroviruses is the array of" accessory" proteins they encode. Here, we …

Human cells possess an antiviral activity that inhibits the release of retrovirus particles, and
other enveloped virus particles, and is antagonized by the HIV-1 accessory protein, Vpu …

RNA virus infection is recognized by retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG)-I–like receptors
(RLRs), RIG-I, and melanoma differentiation–associated gene 5 (MDA5) in the cytoplasm …

The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpu counteracts a host factor that restricts virion release from
infected cells. Here we show that the interferon-induced cellular protein BST-2/HM1 …

Tetherin is an interferon-induced protein whose expression blocks the release of HIV-1 and
other enveloped viral particles. The underlying mechanism by which tetherin functions and …

Summary Tetherin (BST2/CD317) is an interferon-inducible antiviral factor known for its
ability to block the release of enveloped viruses from infected cells. Yet its role in type I …

Efficient genetic modification of herpesviruses such as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated
herpesvirus (KSHV) has come to rely on bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) technology …

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are bone marrow‐derived cells that secrete large
amounts of type I interferon (IFN) in response to viruses. Type I IFNs are pleiotropic …

Retroviruses have evolved effective strategies to evade the host immune response, such as
high variability and latent infection. In addition, primate lentiviruses, such as HIV-1, have …