Global warming and associated precipitation changes will negatively impact on many
agricultural ecosystems. Major food production areas are expected to experience reduced …

Stomatal pores facilitate gaseous exchange between the inner air spaces of the leaf and the
atmosphere. As gatekeepers that balance CO 2 entry for photosynthesis against …

Glandular trichomes (GTs) are outgrowths of plant epidermal cells that secrete and store
specialized secondary metabolites that protect plants against biotic and abiotic stresses and …

The formation of stomata and leaf mesophyll airspace must be coordinated to establish an
efficient and robust network that facilitates gas exchange for photosynthesis, however the …

Plant cell separation and expansion require pectin degradation by endogenous pectinases
such as polygalacturonases, few of which have been functionally characterized. Stomata are …

Pectin methylesterification in guard cell (GC) walls plays an important role in stomatal
development and stomatal response to external stimuli, and pectin methylesterase inhibitors …

Lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles that serve as hubs of cellular
lipid and energy metabolism in virtually all organisms. Mobilization of LDs is important in …

The plant leaf surface is coated with a waterproof cuticle layer. Cuticle facing the stomatal
pore surface needs to be sculpted to form outer cuticular ledge (OCL) after stomatal …

The quantitative and spatial coordination of stomatal pores in the epidermis and airspaces in
the underlying mesophyll tissue is vital for efficient gas exchange in the leaf. The …

Stomata constantly open and close to optimize gas exchange. While the genetic programme
guiding early development is well described, the formation of functional guard cells remains …