Polyphenols (PPs) are a large group of phytochemicals containing phenolic rings with two or
more hydroxyl groups. They possess powerful antioxidant properties, multiple therapeutic …

Silybum marianum (SM), a well-known plant used as both a medicine and a food, has been
widely used to treat various diseases, especially hepatic diseases. The seeds and fruits of …

Liver disease, involving a wide range of liver pathologies from fatty liver, hepatitis, and
fibrosis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, is a serious health problem worldwide. In …

Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely used industrial compound worldwide, was recently classified as
an environmental toxicant. The intestines and liver are responsible for detoxification in …

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) released from plastics into water, soil and air are
significant environmental and health problem. Continuous exposure of humans to these …

BPA is a known endocrine‐disrupting agent that is capable of binding to the estrogen
receptor and has exhibited adverse effects in many laboratory animal and in vitro studies …

Most of the herbal origin drugs possess water insoluble active constituents which lower the
bioavailability and increase systemic clearance after administration of repeated or higher …

The liver is a primary line of defense for protection from external substances next to the
intestinal barrier. As a result, the hepatic immune system plays a central role in liver …

Inflammation is a vital defense mechanism, creating hostile conditions for pathogens,
preventing the spread of tissue infection and repairing damaged tissues in humans and …

Bisphenol S (BPS) has been widely used as a bisphenol alternative in recent few years.
However, with mounting evidence suggesting that the presence of BPS in the environment …