The extreme vulnerability of preterm infants to invasive microbial infections has been
attributed to “immature” innate immune defenses. Monocytes are important innate immune …

Preterm infants are highly susceptible to sustained lung inflammation, which may be
triggered by exposure to multiple environmental cues such as supplemental oxygen (O2) …

The vast majority of early-life hospital admissions globally highlight Respiratory Syncytial
Virus (RSV), the leading cause of neonatal lower respiratory tract infections, as the major …

Bioactive components of human milk, such as human lactoferrin (hLF), play an essential role
in gut microbiome homeostasis and protection against neonatal inflammatory diseases …

Programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor system represents a part of recently reported
immunoregulatory pathway. PD-1 is an immune checkpoint molecule, which plays an …

Background While the process of sepsis-induced immunosuppression is now well described
in adults, very little information is available on immune functions in pediatric sepsis. The …

Neonatal CD71+ erythroid cells are thought to have immunosuppressive functions.
Recently, we demonstrated that CD71+ erythroid cells from neonates born to women who …

Preterm infants are uniquely susceptible to late‐onset sepsis that is frequently caused by the
skin commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis. Innate immune responses, particularly from …

Objective Induction of immune protection against pathogens is particularly crucial during the
neonatal period dominated by anti-inflammatory and tolerance immunity. The preclinical …

Background Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivate with immunomodulating
properties, has been used as adjunctive treatment in severe neonatal sepsis. The aim of the …