The cloud droplet number concentration (N d) is of central interest to improve the
understanding of cloud physics and for quantifying the effective radiative forcing by aerosol …

Southern Africa produces almost a third of the Earth's biomass burning (BB) aerosol
particles, yet the fate of these particles and their influence on regional and global climate is …

libRadtran is a widely used software package for radiative transfer calculations. It allows one
to compute (polarized) radiances, irradiance, and actinic fluxes in the solar and thermal …

Cloud reflectivity is sensitive to atmospheric aerosol concentrations because aerosols
provide the condensation nuclei on which water condenses. Increased aerosol …

INTRODUCTION Human-made emissions of particulate air pollution can offset part of the
warming induced by emissions of greenhouse gases, by enhancing low-level clouds that …

Abstract The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has developed the third Japanese global
atmospheric reanalysis, the Japanese Reanalysis for Three Quarters of a Century (JRA-3Q) …

Data assimilation is used in atmospheric chemistry models to improve air quality forecasts,
construct re-analyses of three-dimensional chemical (including aerosol) concentrations and …

The impact of aerosols on cloud properties is one of the largest uncertainties in the
anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate. Significant progress has been made in …

We document and evaluate the aerosol schemes as implemented in the physical and Earth
system models, the Global Coupled 3.1 configuration of the Hadley Centre Global …

The change in planetary albedo due to aerosol− cloud interactions during the industrial era
is the leading source of uncertainty in inferring Earth's climate sensitivity to increased …