Due to emergence of new variants of pathogenic micro-organisms the treatment and
immunization of infectious diseases have become a great challenge in the past few years. In …

Liposomes and polymersomes are colloidal vesicles that are self-assembled from lipids and
amphiphilic polymers, respectively. Because of their ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic …

Nanotechnology increasingly plays a significant role in vaccine development. As vaccine
development orientates toward less immunogenic “minimalist” compositions, formulations …

The progress in microneedle research is evidenced by the transition from simple 'poke and
patch'solid microneedles fabricated from silicon and stainless steel to the development of …

Introduction: Virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines face significant challenges in their translation
from laboratory models, to routine clinical administration. While some VLP vaccines thrive …

The engineering of materials that can modulate the immune system is an emerging field that
is developing alongside immunology. For therapeutic ends such as vaccine development …

Abstract Background Virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a significant advance in the
development of subunit vaccines, combining high safety and efficacy. Their particulate …

Activating innate immunity in a controlled manner is necessary for the development of next-
generation therapeutics. Adjuvants, or molecules that modulate the immune response, are …

Breast cancer (BC) is known to be a highly heterogeneous disease that is clinically
subdivided into four primary molecular subtypes, each having distinct morphology and …

Cancer vaccines are the promising tools in the hands of the clinical oncologist. Many tumor-
associated antigens are excellent targets for immune therapy and vaccine design. Optimally …