A number of studies have documented the cognitive outcomes associated with bilingualism.
To gain a clear understanding of the extent and diversity of these cognitive outcomes, the …

Cognitive abilities rise steeply from infancy to young adulthood and then are either
maintained or decline to old age, depending on the specific ability. This pattern suggests …

In recent decades several authors have suggested that bilinguals exhibit enhanced
cognitive control as compared to monolinguals and some proposals suggest that this main …

Bilingual advantages in executive control tasks are well documented, but it is not yet clear
what degree or type of bilingualism leads to these advantages. To investigate this issue, we …

This study investigated the possibility that lifelong bilingualism may lead to enhanced
efficiency in the ability to shift between mental sets. We compared the performance of …

The need of bilinguals to continuously control two languages during speech production may
exert general effects on their attentional networks. To explore this issue we compared the …

Code-switching—the alternating use of two languages in the same stretch of discourse by a
bilingual speaker—is a dominant topic in the study of bilingualism and a phenomenon that …

Young English-speaking monolingual and bilingual adults were examined for English
proficiency, language use history, and performance on a flanker task. The bilinguals, who …

We use a time-course analysis to examine the roles of vocabulary size and executive control
in bilinguals' verbal fluency performance. Two groups of bilinguals and a group of …

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that bilingualism may cause a linguistic
disadvantage in lexical access even for bilinguals' first and dominant language. To this …