Bumble bees are important pollinators for both native plants and managed agricultural
systems. Accumulating evidence has shown that pesticides, including neonicotinoids, can …

A fundamental question in pollination ecology is how pollinators affect the evolution of
different floral forms. Yet functional effects of shifts in floral form for plant and pollinator are …

Many species exhibit distinct phenotypic classes, such as sexes in dioecious species or
castes in social species. The evolution of these classes is affected by the genetic …

Although pesticides are a key driver of bee decline globally, the contribution of non-
insecticidal pesticides, specifically herbicides and fungicides, is poorly understood. The …

Bee declines have been reported at concerning rates world-wide for the last decade. These
losses have been referred to as colony collapse disorder, which consists of multiple …