Ischemic stroke after cerebral artery occlusion is one of the major causes of chronic disability
worldwide. Interleukins (ILs) play a bidirectional role in ischemic stroke through information …

Background Macrophages are heterogenous phagocytic cells with an important role in the
innate immunity. They are, also, significant contributors in the adaptive immune system …

Type 2 immune responses are defined by the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-9 and IL-
13, which can either be host protective or have pathogenic activity. Type 2 immunity …

Interleukin-10 (IL-10), first recognized for its ability to inhibit activation and effector function of
T cells, monocytes, and macrophages, is a multifunctional cytokine with diverse effects on …

Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) share cytokine and transcription factor expression with
CD4+ Th2 cells, but functional diversity of the ILC2 lineage has yet to be fully explored …

Asthma is a common, disabling inflammatory respiratory disease that has increased in
frequency and severity in developed nations. We review studies of murine allergic airway …

Cerebral stroke is ranked as the third most common contributor to global mortality and
disability. The involvement of inflammatory mechanisms, both peripherally and within the …

Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) is a cytokine derived from CD 4+ T‐helper type 2 (TH2) cells identified
as a suppressor of cytokines from T‐helper type 1 (TH1) cells. Interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) is …

The effects of vitamin-D on bone metabolism and calcium homeostasis have long been
recognized. Emerging evidence has implicated vitamin-D as a critical regulator of immunity …

Background: TH2 cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of asthma, but the precise
immunologic mechanisms that inhibit TH2 cell function in vivo are not well understood …