The field of extracellular vesicle (EV) research has developed rapidly over the last decade
from the study of fundamental biology to a subject of significant clinical relevance. The …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced by Gram-negative bacteria both in vitro and
in vivo. OMVs are nano-sized spherical vehicles formed by lipid bilayer membranes and …

Background Gonorrhoea is a major global public health problem that is exacerbated by drug
resistance. Effective vaccine development has been unsuccessful, but surveillance data …

Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis and septicaemia worldwide
and is associated with high case fatality rates and serious life-long complications among …

Abstract Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMV) have received increased attention in recent years
as a vaccine platform against bacterial pathogens. OMV from Neisseria meningitidis …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are released spontaneously during growth by many Gram‐
negative bacteria. They present a range of surface antigens in a native conformation and …

Background Neisseria gonorrhoeae is acquiring increasing resistance to available oral
antibiotics, and current screening and treatment approaches have not decreased gonorrhea …

Gram‐negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) with 10 to 300 nm of
diameter. The contribution of OMVs to bacterial pathogenesis is a topic of great interest, and …

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) caused by Neisseria meningitidis is associated with
high morbidity and mortality. Although IMD incidence is highest in infants, a second peak …

Background Meningococcal conjugate vaccines protect individuals directly, but can also
confer herd protection by interrupting carriage transmission. We assessed the effects of …