In this article, we review the current technology underlying surface haptics that converts
passive touch surfaces to active ones (machine haptics), our perception of tactile stimuli …

Haptic technology that provides tactile sensation feedback by utilizing actuators to achieve
the purpose of human–computer interaction is obtaining increasing applications in …

Compared to relatively mature audio and video human-machine interfaces, providing
accurate and immersive touch sensation remains a challenge owing to the substantial …

When we touch an object or explore a texture, frictional strains are induced by the tactile
interactions with the surface of the object. Little is known about how these interactions are …

The process by which human fingers gives rise to stable contacts with smooth, hard objects
is surprisingly slow. Using high-resolution imaging, we found that, when pressed against …

When a substrate is excited to exhibit more than 1 µm out-of-plane displacement at an
ultrasonic frequency, a silent change of friction force could be clearly felt by human fingers …

Tactile representation on touchscreens plays an important role in improving realism and
richness of users' interaction experience. The dynamic lateral force range and the efficient …

The distinct tactile feedback provided by mechanical keyboards notifies users that their
actions have been successfully recorded. The presence of these subtle yet informative …

To render tactile cues on a touchscreen by friction modulation, it is important to understand
how humans perceive a change in friction. In this study, we investigate the relations between …

Micro-stepping motion of ultrasonic motors satisfies biomedical applications, such as cell
operation and nuclear magnetic resonance, which require a precise compact-structure non …