Literature covered: early 2000s to late 2017 Bacteria frequently exchange metabolites with
other micro-and macro-organisms. In these often obligate cross-feeding interactions, primary …

Since 2006, numerous cases of bacterial symbionts with extraordinarily small genomes
have been reported. These organisms represent independent lineages from diverse …

Diatoms are photosynthetic secondary endosymbionts found throughout marine and
freshwater environments, and are believed to be responsible for around one-fifth of the …

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT; also known as lateral gene transfer) has had an important
role in eukaryotic genome evolution, but its importance is often overshadowed by the greater …

Assembling the global eukaryotic tree of life has long been a major effort of Biology. In
recent years, pushed by the new availability of genome-scale data for microbial eukaryotes …

Plastids and mitochondria each arose from a single endosymbiotic event and share many
similarities in how they were reduced and integrated with their host. However, the …

The Logic of Chance offers a reappraisal and a new synthesis of theories, concepts, and
hypotheses on the key aspects of the evolution of life on earth in light of comparative …

When compared to other organisms, plants are atypical with respect to isoprenoid
biosynthesis: they utilize two distinct and separately compartmentalized pathways to build …

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins are eukaryotic RNA-binding proteins that are
commonly found in plants. Organelle transcript processing and stability are mediated by …

Our understanding of prokaryote–eukaryote symbioses as a source of evolutionary
innovation has been rapidly increased by the advent of genomics, which has made possible …