Maleimide-cysteine chemistry has been a routine practice for the site-specific labeling of
fluorophores to proteins since the 1950s. This approach, however, cannot bring out the best …

The CRISPR-Cas9 nuclease has been widely repurposed as a molecular and cell biology
tool for its ability to programmably target and cleave DNA. Cas9 recognizes its target site by …

Cas9 has made a wide range of genomic manipulation possible. However, its specificity
continues to be a challenge. Non-canonical gRNAs and new engineered variants of Cas9 …

Camera-based single-molecule techniques have emerged as crucial tools in revolutionizing
the understanding of biochemical and cellular processes due to their ability to capture …

We describe the theory, experiment, and analysis of three-color Förster resonance energy
transfer (FRET) spectroscopy for probing conformational dynamics of a fast-folding protein …

Combining force spectroscopy and fluorescence microscopy provides a substantial
improvement to the single-molecule toolbox by allowing simultaneous manipulation and …

Protein detection is a key step in molecular biology research and is required for pathogen
and protein marker testing for disease diagnostics. Here, single molecule imaging enzyme …

Chemical and bio-conjugation techniques have been developed rapidly in recent years and
allow the building of protein polymers. However, a controlled protein polymerization process …

Cas9 is an RNA-guided endonuclease from the type II CRISPR-Cas system that employs
RNA–DNA base pairing to target and cleave foreign DNA in bacteria. Due to its robust and …

Recent advances in single‐molecule techniques have led to new discoveries in analytical
chemistry, biophysics, and medicine. Understanding the structure and behavior of single …