Parasites, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protists, helminths, and arthropods, are
ubiquitous in the animal kingdom. Consequently, hosts are frequently infected with more …

INTRODUCTION Infectious disease outbreaks among wildlife have surged in recent
decades alongside global climate change. However, the circumstances under which climate …

Bullfrogs, Lithobates catesbeianus, have been described as major vectors of the amphibian
chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Bd is widespread throughout the range …

Emerging infectious diseases have contributed to the decline in amphibian species around
the world. Among them, ranavirus infections have major importance, as they significantly …

Ranaviruses are globally distributed pathogens in amphibian, fish, and reptile communities
that appear to be emerging. Cases of ranavirus infection or disease have been confirmed in …

The pathogenic chytrid fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and B. salamandrivorans
(Bsal) cause infections that have become primary drivers of amphibian biodiversity loss …

Pathogens of wildlife can have direct impacts on human and livestock health as well as on
biodiversity, as causative factors in population declines and extinctions. The World …

The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has caused worldwide declines in
amphibian populations. While Bd is widespread in southern and central Europe, its …

Infections by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and members of the
genus Ranavirus (Rv) are increasingly reported as significant determinants of amphibian …

The diversity of biota in different parts of the planet has demonstrated dramatic changes
within the last several decades due to the extinction of native taxa and the appearance of …