Over many years, fear extinction has been conceptualized as one dominant process, new
inhibitory learning, which serves to dampen previously acquired fear. Here we present an …

Conditioned taste aversions (CTAs) are those that develop on the basis of experience with a
food or drink. The experience on which such aversions are based is often the consumption …

Empirical research has shown that the amygdala, hippocampus, and ventromedial prefrontal
cortex (vmPFC) are involved in fear conditioning. However, the functional contribution of …

The mesolimbic dopamine system comprises distinct compartments supporting different
functions in learning and motivation. Less well understood is how complex addiction-related …

Extinction of conditioned fear involves new learning that inhibits but does not eliminate the
original fear memory. This inhibitory learning is thought to require activation of NMDA …

Recovery-from-extinction effects (eg, spontaneous recovery, renewal, reinstatement, and
facilitated reacquisition) have become the focus of much research in recent years. However …

We studied the role of dopamine [tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)] neurons in the rat ventral
tegmental area (VTA) in safety learning. First, we used an AX+/BX-discrimination procedure …

A series of experiments used rats to compare and contrast the effects of subjecting an
already extinguished target conditioned stimulus (CS) to additional extinction in compound …

The simplest way to study learning is to expose subjects to a stimulus and then assess
whether they show some effect which is absent in subjects lacking that experience (see …

We studied the role of context in reacquisition of extinguished reward-seeking. Rats were
trained to respond for alcoholic beer, then extinguished and retrained. Reacquisition was …