Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life, but many infants
receive pumped milk, formula, donor human milk, or other nutritional sources during this …

The adaptive immune system recognizes antigens via an immense array of antigen-binding
antibodies and T-cell receptors, the immune repertoire. The interrogation of immune …

Immunoglobulin A (IgA), the most abundantly secreted antibody isotype in mammals, not
only provides direct immune protection to neonates via maternal milk but also helps program …

There is a new recognition that the gut microbiota, which consists of a dynamic community of
intestinal bacteria, viruses, fungi, and archaea, can impact the development and function of …

The contribution of B cells to alloimmune responses is gradually being understood in more
detail. We now know that B cells can perpetuate alloimmune responses in multiple ways:(i) …

Due to ontogenetic changes in B‐cell developmental lineages, the mature B‐cell
compartment constitutes by functionally different B‐cell subsets that emerged from prenatal …

Developing B lymphocytes undergo V (D) J recombination to assemble germ-line V, D, and
J gene segments into exons that encode the antigen-binding variable region of Ig heavy (H) …

The ability of immunoglobulin (Ig) to recognize pathogens is critical for optimal immune
fitness. Early events that shape preimmune Ig repertoires, expressed on IgM+ IgD+ B cells …

Micro-and nano-plastics (MNPs) are emerging pollutants that have drawn worldwide
attention due to their negative impacts on the health and sustainability of our ecosystem …

There is a gap between the ecology of health and the concepts supported by international
initiatives such as EcoHealth, One Health or Planetary Health; a gap which this book aims to …