The first reference on rationality that integrates accounts from psychology and philosophy,
covering descriptive and normative theories from both disciplines. Both analytic philosophy …

We consider models for inference which involve observers which may have multiple copies,
such as in the Sleeping Beauty problem. We establish a framework for describing these …

Abstract In 2000, Adam Elga [12] posed the following problem: Some researchers are going
to put you to sleep. During the two days that your sleep will last, they will briefly wake you up …

The strong law of large numbers and considerations concerning additional information
strongly suggest that Beauty upon awakening has probability 1/3 to be in a heads …

Classical game theory extends rational choice theory to interactions among several actors.
This chapter introduces the formal language of classical noncooperative game theory in a …

Contemporary Natural Philosophy is understood here as a project of the pursuit of the
integrated description of reality distinguished by the precisely formulated criteria of …

The Sleeping Beauty Problem remains a paradoxical problem that penetrates multiple
disciplines that include probability theory, self-locating belief, decision theory, cognitive …

Inspired by the Monty Hall Problem and a popular simple solution to it, we present a number
of game-show puzzles that are analogous to the notorious Sleeping Beauty Problem (and …

The last two decades have seen a heated debate between" halfers" and" thirders": those
who believe Sleeping Beauty's credence in a coin landing heads is 1/2 and those who …

So-called two-envelope, wallet-game, Sleeping Beauty and Newcomb's paradoxes are
resolved through simple logical and analytical arguments. We stress the need of such …