The skin–brain axis has been suggested to play a role in several pathophysiological
conditions, including opioid addiction, Parkinson's disease and many others. Recent …

G protein-coupled receptors are among the most widely studied classes of drug targets. A
major challenge in this field is to develop ligands that will selectively modulate a single …

The global COVID-19 pandemic has shone a light on the rates and dangers of alcohol
misuse in adults and adolescents in the US and globally. Alcohol exposure during …

Background Trigeminal nerve injury is one of the most serious complications in oral clinics,
and the subsequent chronic orofacial pain is a consumptive disease. Increasing evidence …

Populations with a relatively low concentration of melanin, eg, inhabitants of Europe, North
America, and Australia, are the most vulnerable to the harmful effects of UV radiation …

Background The pleiotropic effects of the melanocortin system show promise in overcoming
limitations associated with large variations in opioid analgesic effectiveness observed in …

Simple Summary The importance of the coat color in horses has been present since their
domestication. The interactive effect of coat color-determinant genes on other traits, such as …

Although the evolutionary ecology of melanin pigments and melanin-based coloration has
been studied in great details, particularly in birds, little is known about the function of …

Purpose To present a review of insights gained from investigating the question as to whether
red haired individuals have altered sensitivity to pain. Methods A narrative review of the …

Researchers have found that individuals with red hair often require higher doses of
anesthetic medications to achieve the same level of pain relief or sedation compared to …