How do growing bacterial colonies get their shapes? While colony morphogenesis is well
studied in two dimensions, many bacteria grow as large colonies in three-dimensional (3D) …

Biofilm reactors, known for utilizing biofilm formation for cell immobilization, offer enhanced
biomass concentration and operational stability over traditional planktonic systems …

Dark fermentation is an effective means to convert organic waste to hydrogen for bioenergy
utilization but is limited by non-hydrogen-producing pathways. Emerging electro …

The study proposes the performance of a three-stage hybrid mesophilic anaerobic digester
comprising a suspended-growth hydrolytic reactor, a hybrid (suspended-growth+ attached …

Background The biofilm phenomenon represents a prevalent mode of microbial life in nature
which is characterized by cells irreversibly attaching to surfaces or each other and getting …