In 2012, the Dutch National Research and Education Network, SURFnet, observed a
multitude of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks against educational institutions …

Underground forums contain many thousands of active users, but the vast majority will be
involved, at most, in minor levels of deviance. The number who engage in serious criminal …

This research uses differential association, techniques of neutralization, and rational choice
theory to study those who operate “booter services”: websites that illegally offer denial-of …

Across both the public and private sector, cyberse-curity decisions could be informed by
estimates of the likelihood of different types of exploitation and the corresponding harms …

DDoS attacks remain a major security threat to the continuous operation of Internet edge
infrastructures, web services, and cloud platforms. While a large body of research focuses …

We evaluate the use of data obtained by illicit means against a broad set of ethical and legal
issues. Our analysis covers both the direct collection, and secondary uses of, data obtained …

Amplification attacks generate an enormous flood of unwanted traffic towards a victim and
are generated with the help of open, unsecured services, to which an adversary sends …

Illegal booter services offer denial of service (DoS) attacks for a fee of a few tens of dollars a
month. Internationally, police have implemented a range of different types of intervention …

It is generally accepted that the widespread availability of specialist services has helped
drive the growth of cybercrime in the past fifteen to twenty years. Individuals and groups …

Booter services continue to provide popular DDoS-as-a-service platforms and enable
anyone irrespective of their technical ability, to execute DDoS attacks with devastating …