Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) refers to cases in which women have had three failed in
vitro fertilization (IVF) attempts with good quality embryos. The definition should also take …

Its semi-allogeneic nature renders the conceptus vulnerable to attack by the maternal
immune system. Several protective mechanisms operate during gestation to correct the …

• In this guideline, recurrent miscarriage has been defined as three or more first trimester
miscarriages. However, clinicians are encouraged to use their clinical discretion to …

STUDY QUESTION What is the recommended management of women with recurrent
pregnancy loss (RPL) based on the best available evidence in the literature? SUMMARY …

Recurrent pregnancy loss is an important reproductive health issue, affecting 2%–5% of
couples. Common established causes include uterine anomalies, antiphospholipid …

Background Progesterone, a female sex hormone, is known to induce secretory changes in
the lining of the uterus essential for successful implantation of a fertilized egg. It has been …

Progesterone is well known for its numerous endocrinologic roles in pregnancy but is also
endowed with fascinating immunomodulatory capabilities. It can downregulate the induction …

LH and chorionic gonadotropin (CG) are glycoproteins fundamental to sexual development
and reproduction. Because they act on the same receptor (LHCGR), the general consensus …

Background Miscarriage is a common complication encountered during pregnancy. It is
defined as spontaneous pregnancy loss before 20 weeks' gestation. Progesterone's …

Ziel Offizielle Leitlinie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe
(DGGG), der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe (ÖGGG) und …