This consensus document provides an up-to-date account of the various methods available
for the investigation of chronic venous insufficiency of the lower limbs (CVI), with an outline …

Vulval varices and perivulval veins are common though often unrecognised, and pelvic pain
is a common complaint, sometimes without an obvious cause, hence treatment is not always …

Pelvic pain syndrome, without an apparent organic cause, is a common gynaecological
complaint. Investigations, including laparoscopy are frequently negative but ovarian …

OBJECTIVE. Incompetent and dilated ovarian veins have been reported in association with
pelvic congestion syndrome. We postulate that incompetent and dilated ovarian veins are …

Purpose: This case series describes the early radiographic and clinical results of attempted
transcatheter ovarian vein (OV) embolization in 11 women with symptoms that were …

OBJECTIVE. The aim of this study was to clarify the CT features of ovarian vein reflux in
asymptomatic women and to determine the possible cause of the reflux. MATERIALS AND …

Clinical and phlebographic evidence exists that correlates the presence of varices of the
vulva, posterior thigh, and the pelvic congestion syndrome with insufficiency of the internal …

Purpose To evaluate the magnetic resonance (MR) venographic appearance of the ovarian
veins in a healthy population, correlated with surgical findings. Our data can be used as a …

Variations in anatomy were found quite frequently during bilateral gonadal vein dissection
and resection for pelvic varices in the past 5 years (120 cases). In about one fourth of the …

Pelvic vein incompetence is common in patients with atypical varicose veins, contributing to
their recurrence after surgery. Therefore, refluxing pelvic veins should be identified and …