The early environment has a major impact on the developing embryo, fetus, and infant.
Parental adversity (maternal and paternal) and glucocorticoid exposure before conception …

The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis plays a key role in the neuroendocrine
response to stress and in maintaining physiological homoeostasis. However, stress that is …

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is a complex global healthcare issue. Concerted
research and clinical efforts have improved our knowledge of the neurodevelopmental …

Obesity, affecting one in three pregnant women worldwide, is not only a major obstetric risk
factor. The resulting low‐grade inflammation may have a long‐term impact on the offspring's …

A significant proportion of children born preterm will experience some level of
neurodevelopmental impairment. Changes in placental function have been observed with …

Background Increased systemic and tissue levels of interleukin (IL)-1β are associated with
greater risk of impaired neurodevelopment after birth. In this study, we tested the hypothesis …

Background Increased circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are associated with
greater risk of impaired neurodevelopment after preterm birth. In this study, we tested the …

In 1974, a lack of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT), the most potent androgen across
species except for fish, was shown to be the origin of a type of pseudohermaphrodism in …

In a wide range of taxa, there is evidence that mothers adaptively shape the development of
offspring behaviour by exposing them to steroids. These maternal effects have major …

Still circa 25% to 30% of patients with epilepsy cannot be efficiently controlled with available
antiepileptic drugs so newer pharmacological treatment options have been continuously …