Background Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a functional tissue engineering approach that
applies gradual mechanical traction on the bone tissues after osteotomy to stimulate bone …

Poly (lactic acid) is considered to be a promising alternative to petroleum-based polymers
due to its renewability, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and good mechanical properties …

Abstract Background Electrical stimulation (EStim) has been proven to promote bone
healing in experimental settings and has been used clinically for many years and yet it has …

Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a kind of bone regeneration technology. The principle is to
incise the cortical bone and apply continuous and stable distraction force to the fractured …

This study evaluated the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the chemical
composition, crystallinity and crystalline structure of bone at the site of distraction …

Extracellular electrical stimulation (ES) can provide electrical potential from outside the cell
membrane, but it is often ineffective due to interference from external factors such as culture …

Physical stimulations such as magnetic, electric and mechanical stimulation could enhance
cell activity and promote bone formation in bone repair process via activating signal …

Guided bone regeneration is widely applied in clinical practice to treat alveolar bone
defects. However, the rate of healing of severe alveolar bone defects is slow, and there is a …

Biophysical Bone Behaviour: Principles and Applications is the culmination of efforts to
relate the biophysical phenomena in bone to bone growth and electrical behavior. Behari …

This article is based on the plenary address given by George M. Whitesides of Harvard
University on March 30, 2005, at the Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San …