Importance Malignant primary brain tumors cause more than 15 000 deaths per year in the
United States. The annual incidence of primary malignant brain tumors is approximately 7 …

Gliomas are the common type of brain tumors originating from glial cells. Epidemiologically,
gliomas occur among all ages, more often seen in adults, which males are more susceptible …

A new edition of the WHO classification of tumours of the CNS was published in 2021.
Although the previous edition of this classification was published just 5 years earlier, in …

Exosomes are the phospholipid-membrane-bound subpopulation of extracellular vesicles
derived from the plasma membrane. The main activity of exosomes is cellular …

BRAF genomic alterations are the most common oncogenic drivers in pediatric low-grade
glioma (pLGG). Arm 1 (n= 77) of the ongoing phase 2 FIREFLY-1 (PNOC026) trial …

Abstract Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) is the most frequently
mutated oncogene, occurring in a variety of tumor types. Targeting KRAS mutations with …

The most frequent adult-type primary CNS tumours are diffuse gliomas, but a large variety of
rarer CNS tumour types exists. The classification of these tumours is increasingly based on …

We report a comprehensive proteogenomics analysis, including whole-genome sequencing,
RNA sequencing, and proteomics and phosphoproteomics profiling, of 218 tumors across 7 …

Background No approved therapies exist for inoperable plexiform neurofibromas in patients
with neurofibromatosis type 1. Methods We conducted an open-label, phase 2 trial of …

Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGG) are frequently driven by genetic alterations in the RAS-
mitogen-activated protein kinase (RAS/MAPK) pathway yet show unexplained variability in …