The carbon dioxide/bicarbonate (CO 2/HCO 3-) molecular pair is ubiquitous in mammalian
cells and tissues, mainly as a result of oxidative decarboxylation reactions that occur during …

Cardiovascular complications are considered one of the leading causes of morbidity and
mortality among diabetic patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a type of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play essential roles as a second messenger in various
physiological processes in plants. Due to their oxidative nature, ROS can also be harmful …

Oxidative post-translational modification of proteins by molecular oxygen (O2)-and nitric
oxide (• NO)-derived reactive species is a usual process that occurs in mammalian tissues …

Iron, the most abundant transition metal ion in humans, participates in the biosynthesis,
translocation, signal transduction, and transformation of nitric oxide through its …

Superoxide dismutases play an important role in human health and disease. Three decades
of effort have gone into synthesizing SOD mimics for clinical use. The result is the Mn …

The mitochondrial thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin system encompasses NADPH, thioredoxin
reductase 2 (TrxR2), thioredoxin 2, and peroxiredoxins 3 and 5 (Prx3 and Prx5) and is …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling regulates cell behaviors and tissue growth in
development, regeneration, and cancer. Commonly, ROS are modulated pharmacologically …

During the life of aerobic organisms, the oxygen resulting from numerous reactions is
converted into reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many ROS are dangerous due to their high …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread pathology of the musculoskeletal system. OA may
associate with a wide range of disorders, that lead to the development of various strategies …