Mining activities are notorious for their environmental impact, with acid mine drainage (AMD)
being among the most significant issues. Specifically, AMD has recently been a topical issue …

Conventional water resources in many regions are insufficient to meet the water needs of
growing populations, thus reuse is gaining acceptance as a method of water supply …

The development of novel polymer membranes is a fascinating and challenging field in
materials science and technology, as both the chemical composition and the processing …

Oilfield produced water (OPW) is one of the most important by-products, resulting from oil
and gas exploration. The water contains a complex mixture of organic and inorganic …

Pretreatment of raw feed water is an essential step for proper functioning of a reverse
osmosis (RO) desalination plant as it minimizes the risk of membrane fouling. Conventional …

Chitosan is a natural biopolymer that can be suitable for a wide range of applications due to
its biocompatibility, rigid structure, and biodegradability. Moreover, it has been proven to …

Membrane desalination that enables the harvesting of purified water from unconventional
sources such as seawater, brackish groundwater, and wastewater has become …

This paper reviews the methods to monitor reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling, either
by characterizing the fouling potential of the feed or by detecting the fouling condition of the …

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising technology to produce clean and
sustainable osmotic energy from salinity gradient. Fresh water is of scarcity in Singapore; …

Membrane fouling is the bottleneck of stable operations for reverse osmosis (RO), which is
the key technology for reclaimed water reuse in thermal power plants. The foulant …