Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major health problems of the modern age. It
represents an important public health challenge with an ever-lasting rising prevalence …

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent disease. Most CKD patients are
unaware of their condition during the early stages of the disease which poses a challenge …

Aims/hypothesis Higher plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-1,
TNFR-2 and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) have been found to be associated with higher …

Cytokine and growth factor receptors are usually transmembrane proteins, but they can also
exist in soluble forms, either through cleavage and release of their ligand‐binding …

Background It is hypothesized that inflammation leads to heart failure. Results from
observational studies thus far have been inconsistent and it is unclear whether inflammation …

Background Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) 1, sTNFR2, and plasma kidney
injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) are associated with kidney events in patients with and without …

Background and aims Hypertension is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD),
and CKD progression is associated with suboptimal blood pressure (BP) control. Here we …

Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) plays an important role in coronary heart disease
(CHD), a chronic inflammatory process. Meanwhile, this pro‐inflammatory factor is also …

Background: Inflammations are the crucial pathogenesis of chronic complications of type 2
diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objectives: The timeline of cardiovascular and renal …

Background Soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) 1, sTNFR2, and plasma kidney
injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) are associated with kidney events in patients with and without …