A single ton of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) demands around 4.0 G Joule energy and
creates about a ton of CO 2 emission. As part of our effort to preserve the environment, the …

This paper presents a review of the deterioration of concrete under seawater attack with
particular interests in field exposure. The research reported in the literature has shown that …

Traditional cement and concrete production consumes huge amounts of natural resources
and energy, and has a great impact on the ecological environment. Alkali-activated …

This paper investigated physical–mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-
activated binders based on blends of fly ash (FA) and blast furnace slag (BFS). FA–BFS …

For alkali-activated slag (AAS), high drying shrinkage is an obstacle which impedes its
application as a construction material. In this investigation, nano-TiO 2 was added to AAS …

Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a fast and simple technique for functional
group identification. This work provides a review and insight into the application and …

This paper analyses the effects of external sulfate attack (5% Na 2 SO 4 solution) on
mechanical and microstructural properties of alkali-activated slag (AAS). Portland-slag …

Metakaolin-based geopolymer has good resistance to seawater erosion, but it often requires
more alkali activators, resulting in higher costs, and its curing time is far greater than that of …

The industrial area produces lots of solid waste materials with CO 2 emission. One of the
most effective ways to solve these problems is the utilization of these waste materials. The …

Grouting is one of the most important auxiliary methods for shield tunnel, and there are huge
differences of constituent materials and properties of grouts for different strata. To provide …