Giardia duodenalis captured the attention of Leeuwenhoek in 1681 while he was examining
his own diarrheal stool, but, ironically, it did not really gain attention as a human pathogen …

Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite infecting the upper intestinal tract of humans, as
well as domestic and wild animals worldwide. Transmission of giardiasis occurs through the …

Giardia duodenalis is a unicellular flagellated parasite that infects the gastrointestinal tract of
a wide range of mammalian species, including humans. Investigations of protein and DNA …

The vertebrate gut teems with a large, diverse, and dynamic bacterial community that has
pervasive effects on gut physiology, metabolism, and immunity. Under natural conditions …

Cats and dogs are treated as family members by most pet owners. Therefore, a high quality
of veterinary care and preventive medicine is imperative for animal health and welfare and …

Cryptosporidium infection is a serious threat for HIV/AIDS patients, causing severe diarrhea
and even death. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium in HIV/AIDS patients was …

Cryptosporidiosis is one of the most important causes of moderate to severe diarrhea and
diarrhea-related mortality in children under 2 years of age in low-and middle-income …

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are important parasitic protozoa due to their zoonotic potential
and impact on human health, and have often caused waterborne outbreaks of disease …

Background Temperature, precipitation, and humidity are important factors that can
influence the spread, reproduction, and survival of pathogens. Climate change affects these …

Protozoan parasites can infect the human intestinal tract causing serious diseases. In the
following article, we focused on the three most prominent intestinal protozoan pathogens …