Addictive diseases, including addiction to heroin, prescription opioids, or cocaine, pose
massive personal and public health costs. Addictions are chronic relapsing diseases of the …

Psychiatrists have gradually developed a list of medications that are effective in the
treatment of addictive disorders. Although alcoholism has received the most attention …

As a primary target for opioid drugs and peptides, the mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) plays a
key role in pain perception and addiction. Genetic variants of OPRM1 have been implicated …

This study examined the association between two specific polymorphisms of the gene
encoding the μ-opioid receptor and treatment outcomes in alcohol-dependent patients who …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Responses to painful stimuli are characterized by tremendous interindividual variability, and
genetic factors likely account for some proportion of this variability. However, few studies …

Intrathecal morphine, used widely for post-cesarean (CS) analgesia, exerts its effect mainly
through μ-opioid receptors. Studies have found that genetic variability at position 118 of the …

Background: Recent research has implicated the endogenous opioid system in the
development of alcohol use disorders. The A118G polymorphism of the OPRM1 gene has …

ABSTRACT A challenging question that continues unanswered in the field of addiction is
why some individuals are more vulnerable to substance use disorders than others …

Context Clinical trials have suggested a modest effect of naltrexone as a pharmacotherapy
for alcoholism, and a recent study has suggested that the effects may be moderated by …