Eye drops are the most accessible therapy for ocular diseases, while inevitably suffering
from their lower bioavailability which highly restricts the treatment efficacy. The introduction …

Chitosan (CS) is a linear polysaccharide obtained by the deacetylation of chitin, which, after
cellulose, is the second biopolymer most abundant in nature, being the primary component …

As a naturally-occurring polysaccharide which could be found in various ophthalmic tissues,
hyaluronic acid (HA) has a wide range of applications in the eye, including treatment of dry …

Chitosan (CS) is a hemi-synthetic cationic linear polysaccharide produced by the
deacetylation of chitin. CS is non-toxic, highly biocompatible, and biodegradable, and it has …

There is a growing demand for effective treatments for ocular conditions that improve patient
compliance and reduce side-effects. While methods such as implants and injections have …

The rapid clearance of instilled drugs from the ocular surface due to tear flushing and
excretion results in low drug bioavailability, necessitating the development of new drug …

Ocular drug delivery is one of the most challenging endeavors among the various available
drug delivery systems. Despite having suitable drugs for the treatment of ophthalmic …

In recent decades, drug delivery systems (DDSs) based on nanotechnology have been
attracting substantial interest in the pharmaceutical field, especially those developed based …

The current treatment for the acquired retinal vasculopathies involves lifelong repeated
intravitreal injections of either anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy or …

Purpose Apatinib (Apa) is a novel anti-vascular endothelial growth factor with the potential to
treat diabetic retinopathy (DR); a serious condition leading to visual impairment and …