Excitotoxicity is a phenomenon that describes the toxic actions of excitatory
neurotransmitters, primarily glutamate, where the exacerbated or prolonged activation of …

For much of the 20th century, lactate was largely considered a dead‐end waste product of
glycolysis due to hypoxia, the primary cause of the O2 debt following exercise, a major …

Neurons are metabolically handicapped in the sense that they are not able to perform de
novo synthesis of neurotransmitter glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) from glucose …

The brain is unique among organs in many respects, including its mechanisms of lipid
synthesis and energy production. The nervous system-specific metabolite N-acetylaspartate …

Recent studies show that glutamate transporter-mediated currents occur in astrocytes when
glutamate is released from hippocampal synapses. These transporters remove excess …

Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system, but
many studies have expanded its functional repertoire by showing that glutamate receptors …

Elevated levels of extracellular glutamate ([Glu] o) cause uncontrolled Ca2+ increases in
most neurons and are believed to mediate excitotoxic brain injury following stroke and other …

Presynaptic glutamate replenishment is fundamental to brain function. In high activity
regimes, such as epileptic episodes, this process is thought to rely on the glutamate …

Although glutamate is usually thought of as the major excitatory neurotransmitter in brain, it
is important to note that glutamate has many other fates in brain, including oxidation for …

Brain metabolism is characterized by fuel monodependence, high-energy expenditure,
autonomy from the rest of body, local recycling, and marked division of labor between cell …