With the progress of modern medicine, oxygen therapy has become a crucial measure for
the treatment of premature infants. As an environmental stimulus, in the normal development …

The objective of lung development is to generate an organ of gas exchange that provides
both a thin gas diffusion barrier and a large gas diffusion surface area, which concomitantly …

Background Data on longitudinal respiratory follow-up after preterm birth in the surfactant
era are scarce and of increasing importance, with concerns that preterm survivors are …

Despite the many advances in neonatology, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues
to be a frustrating disease of prematurity. BPD is a disease which is defined oddly by its …

Background Despite the substantial burden of lung disease throughout childhood in children
who were born very preterm, there are no evidence-based interventions to improve lung …

In the neonatal period, the clinical use of oxygen should be taken into consideration for its
beneficial and toxicity effects. Oxygen toxicity is due to the development of reactive oxygen …

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a severe chronic lung illness that affects neonates,
particularly premature infants. It has far-reaching consequences for infant health and their …

Lung development is not completed at birth, but expands beyond infancy, rendering the lung
highly susceptible to injury. Exposure to various influences during a critical window of organ …

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) induced by chronic hypoxia is characterized by thickening of
pulmonary artery walls, elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, and right-heart failure …

Background Caffeine therapy for apnea of prematurity reduces the incidence of
bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature neonates. Several mechanisms, including …