Studies in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease
and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and so on, have suggested that …

Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative
disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, significantly affecting patients' …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of receptors widely distributed in the organism. In the
central nervous system, they are expressed in neurons, astrocytes and microglia. Although …

Parkinson's disease is a progressive and debilitating disorder that has so far eluded
attempts to develop disease‐modifying treatment. Both epidemiological and genetic studies …

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative disease among older
adults. PD neuropathology is marked by the progressive loss of the dopaminergic neurons …

An interaction between external stressors and intrinsic vulnerability is one of the longest
standing pathoaetiological explanations for schizophrenia. However, novel lines of evidence …

It is well accepted that CNS inflammation has a role in the progression of chronic
neurodegenerative disease, although the mechanisms through which this occurs are still …

Neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) and may contribute
to midbrain dopamine (DA) neuron degeneration. Recent studies link chronic inflammation …

Stress and stress hormones, glucocorticoids (GCs), exert widespread actions in central
nervous system, ranging from the regulation of gene transcription, cellular signaling …

Both epidemiological and genetic studies support a role of neuroinflammation in the
pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, post mortem studies confirm the …