Humans do not integrate new information objectively: outcomes carrying a positive affective
value and evidence confirming one's own prior belief are overweighed. Until recently …

Highlights•In human reinforcement learning, outcomes are encoded in a context-dependent
manner.•Context-dependence transforms objective outcomes into subjective …

Current studies suggest that individuals estimate the value of their choices based on
observed feedback. Here, we ask whether individuals also update the value of their …

We systematically misjudge our own performance in simple economic tasks. First, we
generally overestimate our ability to make correct choices—a bias called overconfidence …

Theories of moral development propose that empathy is transmitted across individuals.
However, the mechanisms through which empathy is socially transmitted remain unclear …

While navigating a fundamentally uncertain world, humans and animals constantly evaluate
the probability of their decisions, actions or statements being correct. When explicitly elicited …

High-school students decide in which tasks to invest their cognitive effort on a daily basis. At
school, such decisions often relate to feedback-learning situations (eg, whether or not to do …

The field of computational psychiatry advocates for the use of behavioral task-derived
computational measures to improve our understanding, diagnosis and treatment of …

In real life, it is not unusual that we face potential threats (ie, physical stimuli and
environments that may cause harm or danger) with other individuals together, yet it remains …

While the effects of anxiety on various cognitive processes, including memory, attention, and
learning, have been relatively well documented, the neurobiological effects of anxiety on …