Stochastic models are important in global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) estimation
problems. One can achieve reliable ambiguity resolution and precise positioning only by …

The measurement noise of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) is correlated. Neglecting those
correlations affects the dispersion of the parameters when the TLS point clouds are …

The choice of an appropriate metric is mandatory to perform deformation analysis between
two point clouds (PC)—the distance has to be trustworthy and, simultaneously, robust …

Terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) record a large number of points within a short time.
Temporal correlations between observations are unavoidable but often neglected in …

The stochastic model, together with the functional model, form the mathematical model of
observation that enables the estimation of the unknown parameters. In Global Navigation …

Extensive studies have concluded that the GNSS observations are heteroscedastic and
physically correlated. Typically, the observation precisions are elevation dependent and …

It is essential to maintain air-quality standards and to take necessary measures when air-
pollutant concentrations exceed permissible limits. Pollutants such as ground-level ozone (O …

Although the least-squares (LS) circle fit has been widely used, the weighted LS fitting of
circle is not thoroughly investigated, in particular, when the prior weight information is only …

Large Eddy Simulations (LES) allow the generation of spatio-temporal fields of the
refractivity index for various meteorological conditions and provide a unique way to simulate …

The VLBI group of the Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation of the University of Bonn
(IGG) has started implementing a new analysis toolbox for VLBI observations. The main …