Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling has a paradoxical role in cancer
progression, and it acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages but a tumor promoter in …

The generation of reducing equivalent NADPH via glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
(G6PD) is critical for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and reductive biosynthesis in …

Background Breast cancer (BRCA) is a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality,
which is a threat to women's health worldwide. Ferroptosis is closely related to the …

Autophagy is a self-degradative cellular process, involved in stress response such as
starvation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. This mechanism balances macro-molecule …

Sunitinib resistance remains a serious challenge to the treatment of advanced and
metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), yet the mechanisms underlying this resistance are …

The constant changes in cancer cell bioenergetics are widely known as metabolic
reprogramming. Reprogramming is a process mediated by multiple factors, including …

Background: Tumorigenesis is associated with deregulation of nutritional requirements,
intermediary metabolites production, and microenvironment interactions. Unlike their normal …

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is a branch from glycolysis that begins from glucose-
6-phosphate (G6P) and ends up with fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) and glyceraldehyde-3 …

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) is the only rate-limiting enzyme in the
pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). Rapidly proliferating cells require metabolites from PPP …

Polydatin is a natural potent stilbenoid polyphenol and a resveratrol derivative with
improved bioavailability. Polydatin possesses potential biological activities predominantly …