This study was performed to assess the effects of water addition of three brand names of
probiotics on water quality, growth, feed utilization, carcass composition, blood biochemical …

Probiotics are live beneficial Micro-organism introduced into the gastrointestinal tract
through food or water, probiotics confer several benefits and play important roles in …

Dietary supplementation of probiotics is growing as a scientifically valid alternative to
antibiotics for enhancement of overall animal health and productivity in aquaculture. Strains …

Reduced parasitic infection rates in the developed world are suspected to underlie the rising
prevalence of autoimmune disorders. However, the long-term evolutionary consequences of …

The mucosal surfaces of fish, including their intestines, gills, and skin, are constantly
exposed to various environmental threats, such as water quality fluctuations, pollutants, and …

The innate immune responses in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) have been shown to be
functional, but little is currently known about the B cells, immunoglobulins or adaptive …

Lumpfish is utilized as a cleaner fish to biocontrol sealice infestations in Atlantic salmon
farms. Aeromonas salmonicida, a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen, is the …

The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 are important mediators of inflammatory
reactions and orchestrators of the immune system in vertebrate. In this study, we have …

Background Both bacterial and viral diseases are a major threat to farmed fish. As the
antiviral immune mechanisms in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) are poorly understood …

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between different cornstarch levels
in tilapia diet and immune function. All test fish were fed with three cornstarch levels: low …