Clientelism is characterized by the combination of particularistic targeting and contingency-
based exchange. This method of contingent exchange thrives in both autocracies and …

This article reviews the literature on the politics of bureaucracy in the developing world, with
a focus on service delivery and bureaucratic performance. We survey classic topics and …

The concept of the developmental state emerged to explain the rapid growth of a number of
countries in East Asia in the postwar period. Yet the developmental state literature also …

Norms have never been absent from the study of international politics, but the sweeping
“ideational turn” in the 1980s and 1990s brought them back as a central theoretical concern …

The history of international political orders is written in terms of continuity and change in
domestic and international political relations. As a step toward understanding such …

Seat allocation formulas affect candidates' incentives to campaign on a personal rather than
party reputation. Variables that enhance personal vote-seeking include:(1) lack of party …

Social constructivism in international relations has come into its own during the past decade,
not only as a metatheoretical critique of currently dominant neo-utilitarian approaches (neo …

Increasingly scholars of international relations are rallying around the idea that" domestic
politics matters." Few, however, have articulated precisely how or why it matters. In this …

Scholars of the US House disagree over the importance of political parties in organizing the
legislative process. On the one hand, non-partisan theories stress how congressional …

We develop an empirically based conception of international legalization to show how law
and politics are intertwined across a wide range of institutional forms and to frame the …