Relatively small data sets available for expression recognition research make the training of
deep networks very challenging. Although fine-tuning can partially alleviate the issue, the …

Pain is an unpleasant feeling that has been shown to be an important factor for the recovery
of patients. Since this is costly in human resources and difficult to do objectively, there is the …

Despite being the appearance-based classifier of choice in recent years, relatively few
works have examined how much convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can improve …

As surrogate functions of L_0-norm, many nonconvex penalty functions have been proposed
to enhance the sparse vector recovery. It is easy to extend these nonconvex penalty …

Spontaneous facial expression recognition under uncontrolled conditions is a hard task. It
depends on multiple factors including shape, appearance and dynamics of the facial …

In the pattern recognition domain, deep architectures are currently widely used and they
have achieved fine results. However, these deep architectures make particular demands …

This paper aims to present histogram-based local descriptors applied to Facial Expression
Recognition (FER) from static images and provide a systematic review and analysis of them …

Automated facial expression recognition plays a significant role in the study of human
behaviour analysis. In this study, the authors propose a robust feature descriptor named …

This paper discusses the development of an efficient and automated system for the
recognition of facial expressions, which is essentially an application augmented with many …

Facial expression is the main approach for humans to express their emotions. It is the
temporal-spatial information that can be recognized by computers. In this paper, three video …