The plasma coagulation system in mammalian blood consists of a cascade of enzyme
activation events in which serine proteases activate the proteins (proenzymes and …

Polyphosphate (polyP), a polymer of orthophosphate (PO4 3-) of varying lengths, has been
identified in all kingdoms of life. It can serve as a source of chemical bond energy …

It is currently believed that innate immunity is unable to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2
from the upper airways to the alveoli of high-risk groups of patients. SARS-CoV-2 replication …

Inorganic polyphosphates (polyP) consist of linear chains of orthophosphate residues,
linked by high-energy phosphoanhydride bonds. They are evolutionarily old biopolymers …

Polyphosphate (polyP) consists of a linear arrangement of inorganic phosphates and defies
its structural simplicity with an astounding number of different activities in the cell. Already …

Basophils and mast cells are among the principal inducers of Th2 responses and have a
crucial role in allergic and anti-parasitic protective immunity. Basophils can function as …

Polyphosphate is an inorganic polymer that can potentiate several interactions in the blood
coagulation system. Blood platelets contain polyphosphate, and the secretion of platelet …

Schistosomes are long lived, intravascular parasitic platyhelminths that infect> 200 million
people globally. The molecular mechanisms used by these blood flukes to dampen host …

Neutrophils and neutrophil‐released meshwork structures termed neutrophil extracellular
traps (NETs) are major mediators of thromboinflammation and emerging targets for therapy …

Plasma prekallikrein is the liver-derived precursor of the trypsin-like serine protease plasma
kallikrein (PK) and circulates in plasma bound to high molecular weight kininogen. The …